What is a short circuit?

A short circuit is defined as an unintentional low-resistance pathway that allows electrical current to flow along an unintended route. This typically occurs when there is a fault in the wiring, such as damaged insulation or a broken wire that inadvertently comes into contact with another conductor. As a result, the current bypasses the normal electrical components of the circuit, often leading to excessive current flow that can cause overheating, circuit damage, or even fires.

This concept is critical for understanding electrical safety and the operation of devices. Recognizing what constitutes a short circuit helps individuals maintain and troubleshoot electrical systems effectively, ensuring they can identify potential hazards and address them promptly.