What term is used for materials that restrict or resist the flow of electricity?

Materials that restrict or resist the flow of electricity are known as insulators. Insulators are characterized by their high resistance to electric current, which means they do not allow electricity to flow easily through them. This property is essential in various applications, such as in wiring and electronic devices, where it is crucial to prevent unwanted electrical flow that could lead to short circuits or electrical shocks.

In contrast, conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow freely because they have low electrical resistance. Electrolytes are substances that conduct electricity when dissolved in a solvent, typically water, and transformers are devices used to change the voltage of electricity for efficient transmission. Understanding the distinction between these different types of materials helps in practical applications and safety in handling electrical systems.